The reason they seem immoral to me is the fact that they're not ignorant - they understand the situation just as well as Starfleet does. They're warp-capable and know there's a whole galaxy of other beings out there, and they know that their planet is unique. Their response to this is to shun the technology that enlightened them... act as if all those other trillion people don't exist and just keep their perfect eternal life to themselves while everyone else dies.
Life would go on without the particle therapy. You act as if every Federation citizen was terminally ill and had 2 weeks to live without the metaphasic particles. Federation medical science was already well advanced without it.
You're only looking at the "morality" from one side. Sure, the Federation has a moral obligation to respect the Baku's desire to stay on the planet. But the Baku have a much stronger obligation to respect the desire to survive of the entirety of sentient existence outside their own little planet.
Shameless hyperbole. The Federation was not going to die without metaphasics.
Given the overwhelming amount of deception engaged in by Dougherty and the Son'a, you would be unwise to do so.
Overwhelming deception? They were spying on the planet with cloaking devices. How is that any different than every time Starfleet uses ship's sensors to scan a planet without wanting to alert the inhabitants?
Not only were they spying on them, but it was being done with the clear intent of STEALING their entire world from them and condemning them to slow death.
What if 6 months down the road it turned out that the Baku NEEDED the particles after all those centuries on the planet to survive? "OOPS...sorry...guess you're all gonna die...but WE'll be healthier...?"
If there were another way, then what was Dougherty's motivation for wanting to relocate the Baku? Is he "just evil"?
Bad things can be done with good intent. That doesn't make them good.
There was nothing in the story to indicate anything else would have worked, all we get on the matter is a line stating they can't find any other way.
And Dougherty rejected Picard's attempt to get a fresh look at the situation.
Even if it WAS the only way, it doesn't change the fact that the Federation had no right to take the Baku's planet. PERIOD.
The audience is meant to take Picard's side that it's still wrong despite the fact that it's the only way... which I can't do. If your house is sitting atop a mineral deposit that is proven to cure cancer, you ought to move for the sake of everyone else on Earth. And the ratio here is far more vast than one person versus the rest of Earth - it's 600 versus the rest of the galaxy.
And if you don't, then we'll kill you...
After what Picard uncovered about the Son'a? Doubtful in the extreme. Ruafo was absolutely right, the people of the Federation would have debated the question to death, and Picard would still be there to keep them honest.
The motivations of the Son'a in no way negates the health benefits of harvesting the metaphasic particles.
The motivations of the Son'a in lying to the Federation about their status as Baku and trying to get the Federation to do their dirty work for them of stealing the planet for their own selfish reasons have EVERYTHING to do with whether or not the Federation would trust them.
The Son'a already had a reputation as intergalactic outlaws, as Riker and Troi noted when reviewing their record. Slavery, drug running, development of subspace WMDs.
The Son'a were dirty "from the get go". The Federation had no business doing ANYTHING in conjunction with them.
In Journey's Ends, The Federation Council were ask by Admiral Necheyev to reconsider their decision to move a colony, it took two day for them to decide to reaffirm the Councils original decision to relocate the colony. The question wasn't debated to death. Two days. Ruafo was likely wrong.
And because the Council ruled it, it's automatically right? "Well, we voted...you undesirables will just have to report to the gas chambers!"
But moving colonies is within the Federation's rules, morals and ethics. They did so in Ensigns of Command, for the "the good of the many," so it is one of their established procedures. How are they breaking their own rules?
1) The Baku were not Federation citizens. They were not bound by Federation law.
2) Even if they had been, the Federation would not have had the right to steal from their own citizens. The DMZ colonies were turned over to the Cardassians by treaty. The planet in EoC was the Sheliak's by treaty. Different cases entirely.
The Federation was going to STEAL the Baku's world
Again, neither the Federation nor the Son'a wanted the world itself. They wanted the nearby rings.
You're smarter than that...they were taking the Baku away from the planet THEY chose to settle on, and were going to take away the longevity that the metaphasic particles gave them.
Take ONE man's rights away and ALL are chained.
And move 600 people to lovely new homes elsewhere and many billions of people prosper.
1) Only until they grew old and died.
2) those billions were prospering without metaphasics and would continue to prosper without metaphasics. It was NOT a life and death situation wherein the Federation would be destroyed entirely and the people wiped out if they did not have metaphasics.
3) The idea that you could find it so easy to dismiss the rights of a group you are not part of frankly chills my soul...you need to read and understand what a famous theologian once said about such thinking:
When the Nazis came for the communists,
I remained silent; I was not a communist.
When they locked up the social democrats,
I remained silent; I was not a social democrat.
When they came for the trade unionists,
I did not speak out; I was not a trade unionist.
When they came for the Jews, I remained silent;
I wasn't a Jew.
When they came for me,
there was no one left to speak out.