The Vulcan race is intelligent, scientific and logical. The Vulcans are just as shallow, conniving and petty as the rest of us. They send their children into to the desert to see if they'll survive. Their marriage and sexually practices would get them prosecuted in modern day Iran. Their scientific dogma prevent any revision in the face of evidence (time travel). Their racial arrogance is pervasive.
This is based mostly on ENT and not TOS.
No - it's based FIRMLY in TOS.
in
Squire of Gothos:
After finding out that Spock is a a Vulcan:
Trilaine: "Are its inhabitants preditory?"
Spock: "Not generally. But, there have been exceptions.
The Managerie: Hell, the entire first episode shows Spock commiting mutinous offenses left and right (and even sabotaging the 1701 itself) all because of his EMOTIONAL attachment to his former Captain (Pike).
Amok Time: While Spock's actions during the episode can be attributed to Ponn Far. The outright disgust that T'Pau shows for Humans (Offworlders) in the episode cannot.
T'Pau (To Spock): Thee has prided Thyself on thy Vulcan heratige. Art thee Vulcan or art thee Human?! (And there is clearly disdain and disgust in her voice when she says the last part.)
Also, T'Pring and Stonn have been having the 'illicit' affair for a LONG time prior to Spock returning to Vulcan - and the change to the 'plan' to divorce Spock was made very quickly, and logically.
Stonn also had an emotional outburst that caused him to be admonished by TPau.
Journey to Babel - We have Sarek outright lying to everyone to cover up his heart condition. Secondly we have Spock's comment to McCoy when they are discussing the possibility of Sarek as a muder suspest.
Spock: "If there was sufficient reason, my father is quite capable of killing. Logically and effeciently."
So, again, sorry - the statement that "The Vulcans are just as shallow, conniving and petty as the rest of us." I VERY WELL supported by episodes of TOS.
These alleged "proofs" of Vulcan emotionality, shallowness, conniving etc are simply the human interpretation of behaviors displayed by an alien species. It is human motives your are seeing but which do not necessitate that the species has the human characteristics you describe.
In the TOS era, Vulcans were written and described in the literature as having limited emotions. This was both by nurture AND by nature. TOS era Vulcans had supposedly suppressed emotions for so long they "almost became incapable of them". They had "intentionally altered the course of their evolution". Their logical and unemotional behavior became instinctive and inborn over the course of many generations. The idea that Vulcans were these highly emotional creatures who were constantly repressing powerful emotions was a later embellishment.
I liked unemotional Vulcans because they were the only live alien species Trek has shown that gave us people who differed from humans on the outside as well as on the inside. The idea that "everyone is the same on the inside, we all need to be loved, accepted, feel secure etc etc" was not presented in the Vulcans -- and it blew our minds. Sarek, T'Pau T'Pring were cold, compelling, scary, enigmatic -- fascinating to us. They were cerebral characters who made us think as well as react. We didn't understand them or their motives so their mysteriousness made us think.
Just because a species has limited emotion does not mean that they wouldn't have values or ideals to which they strive, and which provide the motivations for their behavior. We have seen the TOS Vulcans value logic, peace, order, knowledge, industriousness, harmony, balance etc. The reasons why these things are of value to Vulcans can be derived logically, not necessarily through emotions. One could present a logical, ethical arguement to defend the ideals to which Vulcan society strives.
The behaviors you mention could all be explained logically using the Vulcan system of values. Spock having a so-called emotional attachment to his former captain may not be emotional rather it can be logically derived from the value system he embraces. Pike probably saved Spock's rear-end many times. Repaying debts is a very logical thing to do. It forwards the ideals of justice, fairness, order etc. Spock took an oath which demanded he be concerned about the welfare of his captain that did not end when he was transferred to another captain, this forwards the value of trust, honesty, and the dependability which promises, and oaths need to have any meaning at all. These are needed to benefit all of society. Placing the needs of others before your own promotes peace - if we all did it the galaxy would be Utopian!! Promoting values deemed by the Vulcans to be "good' and "beneficial" can be defended logically too.
I could go on applying logical explanations for the behaviors you have cited. What is certain is that Vulcan's view their behavior as logical. What we see as emotional may not be.
This does not imply that Vulcans all behave the same and find motivations for their behavior based upon the same values. Logic supposedly is pretty cut and dry but what is seen as ethical and beneficial is subject to interpretation of the individual, the society, the circumstances to which it is applied. One of the best depictions of this is seen in Journey to Babel, when Spock has to decide how to behave based upon conflicting Vulcan values. Another well done depiction is in ST6 - the contrast seen between the 2 logical derived motivations based upon a similar value systems seen in Spock verses Valeris. Both can defend their behavior based upon logic and the same values... yet they differ. This does not indicate that emotion was involved, rather it demonstrates how logic can be applied to the same situation yet different conclusions can be made.
NuTrek destroyed the mysterious, logical, limited emotional Vulcans. They lost their differentness from humans and, for me, their ability to provoke thought, humor and drama in the fashion they could in TOS. Many go back to TOS and find behavior in Vulcans to be humanlike but the Vulcans of the TOS era were scripted to provide a contrast to humans - not a commonality. The tendency to humanize the Vulcans takes so much of the cerebralness out of Trek that the logical, unemotional TOS Vulcans provided. NuTrek became a soap-opera, dramatic saga.
Any discussion of TOS Vulcans though must take into account that Spock is a Vulcan/Human hybrid and it does effect his behavior - even if he denies it.
I will provide some early descriptions for TOS Vulcans. I await my chastisement and banishing.