Yeah lets face it as much as we (I assume) love Trek. It is not, nor has it ever been internally consistent. Not within each series or between the series. The fact that a good part of it makes sense is really surprising.
Clearing in TOS (show not films) the reason people stood still was for the effect. But clearly they had the ability to beam from most likely multiple locations (like beaming people up from damaged ship's Mudd's ship and the Klingon ship) and they have also beamed people up in positions that aren't standing positions (see Galileo 7), so clearly there is some wiggly room. In the TOS films we do see them moving and talking through beaming, hell even swimming.
But even in this film they are always asking the crew to stand still when beaming so it does appear to be more standard practice. Which again does in fact fit established original universe rules.
As to the idea that the Federation would have a huge leap in technology due to a few scans from the Narada is fairly laughable. Not that they would have scans, and that someone might have transmitted some of that data (or all of it) either in a black box, through subspace, or even on one of the shuttles. Whats laughable is the idea that this would give the Federation a vast amount of technology.
It shouldn't. Look at all the advanced races that the Federation has meet, studied, scanned, ect and look at all of the advances that have been made. They are quite small.
In fact what is far more likely to have happened is that the scans pushed for a stronger military aspect to Starfleet, a thorough research of the aliens and races of that area (thus discovering Romulans and their appearance at a much earlier time, and research into means of improving weapons, and shields. Doesn't mean that they would be successful.
Take the Borq and Dominion. The federation had 3 known encounters with the Borg. With far more time (and even face time on a ship) to scan interiors, weapons, shields, ect. Yet even with that a huge amount of research they never figured out a way of shielding them, or weapons capable of stopping their weapons.
With the Dominion (with even closer levels of technology) for all their contacts and in the face of an all out invasion of the alpha/Beta Quadrant. It wasn't until they actually captured an enemy vessel and studied it that they were able to make tactical upgrades.