Incidentally, in MW I don't think you'd be prevented from "changing" the past according to your own subjective, one-universe view of history. You simply wouldn't be changing your past--just as you cannot really change your future, at least inasmuch as "you" are the collection of quantum states that in sequence produce the "present" moment of consciousness, and literally nothing else. You can determine to a degree what universe several collections of quantum states that are very similar to you will experience, but that's not quite, philosophically, the same thing.
I'm not really sure what you're saying here. Subjectively speaking, you can't change the past. Whatever you experience in the past will be the same history you know, because as a quantum observer you're constrained to observe the already-measured quantum state you're part of. It's not that your history continues to exist while you create and experience a different history (like Nero in the
Star Trek movie) -- that's fiction. You're compelled to experience the same history you originally came from. Any other histories that may exist are beyond your perception and are functionally irrelevant. In terms of what you experience as a time traveller, the past cannot be altered.
The explanation is given in the 2005 paper
Quantum Theory Looks at Time Travel by Greenberger & Svozil.
My understanding, through David Deutsch's descriptions of MWI, is that the multiverse is most profitably thought of as arranged as an interrelated stack of quantum states, each capable of being described by an energy state and a position in four or greater dimensional space, with gross reality as experienced by any particular human observer understood as a superposition of those states decohering, through interaction with other states, based on a determination that seems subjectively probabalistic to an observer.
If I get this right, that means that any possible event occurs somewhere/when in the multiverse. It is not possible to change your own history, or
any history, or ultimate any thing, because all possible events
have already occurred, arranged as a stack of coordinates in spacetime. Time travel is hence a misnomer--it could
only be accomplished by traveling into another universe that, since there is no flow of time, already exists in a four-dimensional sense.
If human time travel is physically possible, then as a possible collection of quantum states, it exists, in a larger or smaller percentage of possible universes.
This is how I understand the MWI. Interestingly, in my view, it reconciles free will with the certain determinism of classical mechanics and random determinism of quantum mechanics.
Now your paper there is interesting but I think it ignores an aspect of the many-worlds interpretation that is vital--in their thought experiment, the past is fixed and the future is not because the many quantum states that make them up have already been measured and determined. So of course any attempt to beam a photon into the past can do nothing to upset these measurements from their subjective point of view.
In MWI, someone somewhere else (most precisely the particles of a human being in superposition with our own scientist, decohered by interference with other particles, including the particles of the other scientist in the other universe) is measuring a nearly-identical photon that had existed in superposition with ours, and also finding that their photons cannot change the past from their subjective point of view.
So you still cannot kill
your grandfather (a collection of quantum superpositions which following many measurements decohered into the entity that passed his DNA along to you in the usual way), but you could, assuming a magical ability to appropriately manipulate energy and matter in a rather disparate universe, kill a person identical to him in gross terms--identical features, DNA, and personal history up to the point of his unfortunate demise--but very different in quantum terms, inasmuch as once he ceases to live, he will be a very different collection of quantum states than if he had continued to breathe.
MWI in the past and future is a better explanation than the objective collapse interpretation that I think that paper essentially espouses, for at least two good reasons.
Firstly, it avoids the common sensical problem of "where did the other possibilities go?" that MWI arose to resolve, particularly as a result of double-slit experiments demonstrating interference patterns in real and "phantom" photons. In the linked paper, superpositions disappear, "objectively collapsing." Under MWI, they "decohere,"
subjectively collapsing. And I think this makes more sense.
Secondly, it avoids the non-common sensical problem of attempting to impose an arrow of time on the universe, when none such seems to actually exist, and only appears to as a result of the human conscious moment's perception of past and future. Time makes much more sense as a type of
position of any given particle or collection thereof.