Being transported, amongst other consequences, results in brain death - naturally, because it destroys the brain. Of course, physically the new brain and body is identical to any observers, but the stream of consciousness which made up your life has been broken. There are now two streams - one just terminated, and another which has just begun.
The only escape clause would be if we posit the existence of a soul, an incorporeal entity which is the true seat of sentience, which transmigrates to the new body.
The soul is NOT the true seat of sentience. The mind is.
Again, I refer you to the first paragraph of what I wrote. The mind is *destroyed* during transport. That a simulacrum of it is created elsewhere is useful from the point of view of society at large, but of utterly no comfort for the original person who experienced a cessation of existence.
If your mind is instantly vaporized, copied into a data stream to provide a template for a duplicate, which is concocted in Reykjavik, Iceland or Olympus Mons on Mars, your original self would have experienced a termination of being.
The new self, would have no knowledge of the distinction, and would go on living as if it no death ever took place. But, this is proof of nothing. After all, this would still be the case if the transporter, instead of creating one duplicate, created x duplicates. A hundred versions of you could be transported here and there, and would all believe themselves to be the original, so long as all the information about their molecular makeup and energy state is initially recorded.
Once we're dealing with the substance of our brains being converted into data streams and atoms, we're coming face to face with death. In the same sense, if we converted our thoughts and personality into a computer software program, that program could well exist in perpetuity, but we would still experience a separate existence and death. Now imagine if in the process of creating that software version of you, it was necessary for some technical reason to simultaneously erase your mind's contents. That would be, from a moral point of view, equivalent to a transport.