I generally can excuse most issues with TMP. For example, you can lean into the Organian Peace Treaty for the only ship in range thing (ie, the UFP using the Empire as a shield so that approach vector is lightly defended because of the treaty.)
But the transporter accident is stupid. The movie establishes that they aren't working before the starship porn ride and they aren't still working when Kirk kicks Decker out of Engineering. In fact, Kirk interrupts the troubleshooting process.
So there shouldn't any effing body in the Transporter Room actually trying to use it.
Yes, I think most of these complaints are predicated on a lack of imagination and a literal interpretation of what we see on screen. People assumes that the characters are being absolutely truthful with each other unless we see something on screen to suggest that they are not. Some of them stretch our imaginations more than others, though.
The most obvious one is Chapel talking about Iliia once telling her she wore the headband when Ilia has just transferred to the ship only a day earlier. As a Deltan, Iliia may well have reported to sick bay before the bridge - Uhura just says she is 'already on board'. Alternatively, Chapel is just lying, using a similar psychological strategy as she used in Obsession in tandem with McCoy and Decker.
So, Kirk demands to know why the transporters 'aren't working'. Scotty is really nonchalant, saying it's just a 'wee problem'. Just because Kirk has been told transporters aren't working for HIS transport (which preps the audience for the problem to come), doesn't mean they aren't being used at all. The station transporters could have still transported Kirk to the ship let's not forget. The real problem might be the opposite - that the transporters are working as flat out as they can, while repairs are underway, to bring on board vital equipment and supplies. Maybe Scotty doesn't want to waste an important, limited resource on an inspection.
Scotty has pre-arranged to meet Kirk OFF the ship. Maybe he wants an opportunity to bend Kirk's ear about the preparation schedule, maybe he thinks buttering up Kirk with a flyby will give him more of a chance to getting more concessions from him.
There have also been threads pointing out that the power surge wasn't necessarily directly related to the transporter repair but more of an indication that the ship, overall, still had issues with its power grid. A back-up sensor is a safety feature so if there was a problem, the back-up sensor might have kicked in to preserve the transportee's pattern. Compare this to the shuttle disasters where small safety feature failures led to a cascade of events resulting in tragedy. So using the transporter without the back-up was still unwise but orders are orders and Scotty has already pointed out that they are struggling to get ready.
It may also be that, while the transporters had not been in use, Sonak, aware of the problems, calculated that actual the risk was minimal and requested to be transported over.