Looking on this as a whole, it's easy to see that the technology would easily change everything as others have already discussed. I'm going to point out some not so evident, but perhaps equally impactful effects of this technology. First, if the interior living space is fully isolated from the exterior- that is to say power and life support are provided in situ with no need for exterior support, you have effectively reduced or nearly eliminated the need for utilities. Without enough demand any service or business will cease operation. Utilities are no different. So that old infrastructure will likely stop being utilized. That means those people employed in maintaining and providing those services will have to find some other work. In a utopian world like the Federation, with these machines/devices we will assume that they do so, for the time being.
Second, while it's easy to say, "make it so" and it happens fictionally, the implications of this technology on resources will be rather dramatic. Consider- if a family of four people live inside one of these machines/devices, all of their consumables (life support & nutrition) and waste is handled in situ, then any food they ate, fluids they drank, and oxygen they have in their cells that they respirated while outside of their living spaces will be sequestered inside these units. That means short-term (in the thousands of years) that any need for extensive waste disposal and recycling is eliminated- city or urban living spaces will likely be pristine, and litter will probably be unheard of. Long-term (many thousands, to millions of years off) this draw on resources will start to negatively impact the environment. I can imagine water would easily be the most notable resource to begin to "tap out" (sorry, I couldn't resist the pun)- with more and more people depositing and sequestering water into their residences as time goes by from exterior sources of supply (when they eat at restaurants, or bring home farm grown goods for the novelty of cooking "real food" for the family). Carbon will also be lost, as will oxygen. On a geologic time scale this could change a planet from a Earth-like lush paradise, to a arid dying world where the carbon-cycle is no more.
Third and finally, if these machines/devices are utilized for not only living spaces, but for offices, warehouses, fabrication facilities, and social spaces- what happens to architecture? What happens to architectural design? I could see one resultant element to this adoption of such technology- the adoption and development of architectural design as an expression or power/influence, or control over resources. In other words, the bigger your "foot print" in the real world, the more effective influence and power you wield. Likewise, owning any real world real estate or resources could be considered by many a mark of prestige, or by others as someone who lives in the past and is unable or unwilling to let go of tethers to a world long gone. Those are just some of my thoughts on implications of such TARDIS-like technology.
