Ernest Ralph Tidyman (January 1, 1928 – July 14, 1984) was an American author and screenwriter, best known for his novels featuring
the African-American detective John Shaft. He also co-wrote the screenplay for the film version of
Shaft with
John D.F. Black in 1971.
He later said about writing
Shaft, "Reading black fiction, you see that the central figure is either super hero or super victim, as in [William] Styron's
book. The blacks I knew were smart and sophisticated, and
I thought, what about a black hero who thinks of himself as a human being, but who uses his black rage as one of his resources, along with intelligence and courage."