Maxwell makes the case to them that the Cardassians are secretly re-arming. He can't prove it in court, but it's almost certain. The bureaucrats at Star Fleet wouldn't act and wouldn't let him conduct forcible searches to prove his claim. So Maxwell informs his trusted officers he's taking matters in his own hands to save lives. He leaves it vague to his crew as to whether his orders give him latitude to take maters into his own hands. To his trusted colleagues, though, he admits what they highly suspect: his orders do not give him leeway to attack Cardassian ships. He's going out on a limb that he'll find rock solid evidence that will save so many lives that it will vindicate him and cause him to avoid being in trouble, similar to how Kirk and crew were forgiven for steeling the Enterprise because they saved Earth.why didn't the 1st officer step in and relieve him?
i think the episode is saying, if I understand, that Maxwell was correct about the Cardassians rearming but incorrect that discovering that will allow him to escape the consequences of attacking them. Unlike Kirk steeling the Enterprise, Maxwell actually murders people and his actions do not save Earth from total destruction.