The explanation I read somewhere is the the consoles are actually failing safely, relatively, despite still being dangerous in proximity. Note the open air breaker in the video below. It opens, an arc forms, the arc rises a warm air will do, and eventually the arc becomes long enough to break and cut the circuit.
Imagine that in the confined space of a ship. When there is a short at a device there is an arc, and as we have seen above, breakers for huge currents are slow. Even a breaker in vacuum might be to slow because arcing can happen with enormous voltages in space. The solution is to use an ablative layer which explodes and breaks the current arc, which would look quite a bit like the console explosions we see.
Additionally, this system obviously works because the consoles do not cease to work after an explosion, fresh people frequently take the place of downed officers without delay.
Imagine that in the confined space of a ship. When there is a short at a device there is an arc, and as we have seen above, breakers for huge currents are slow. Even a breaker in vacuum might be to slow because arcing can happen with enormous voltages in space. The solution is to use an ablative layer which explodes and breaks the current arc, which would look quite a bit like the console explosions we see.
Additionally, this system obviously works because the consoles do not cease to work after an explosion, fresh people frequently take the place of downed officers without delay.