I don't think transporters (or replicators) can store* and copy people** (or Soong type androids.) If they could, it would have huge setting changing implications.
Such implications are already preempted by our heroes' disgust towards the idea of duplication. Under UFP law and Starfleet rules, they are permitted to murder their duplicates. Neither UFP nor Starfleet would be interested in using its machinery to create such duplicates, then, as there are far cheaper ways to provide target practice!
There obviously are things replicators cannot reproduce, such as dilithium, ketracel-white and living beings
Nothing obvious about any of that. Indeed, it's a major mystery why ketracel white wasn't replicated in "The Abandoned" - because in other episodes, it's shown that you can simply drop any unknown sample into the replicator and push not just "copy" but also "enlarge" (see "Rivals")! The replicator doesn't need to know what it is doing in order to get it done...
Living beings are just living tissue. And replicators can produce living tissue just fine, including tricky parts such as neural stuff ("Ethics" and "Emanations").
What Scotty did was unusual.
Yet no doubt completely repeatable. And "Counterpoint" shows our heroes quite routinely storing great numbers of people in their transporter for hours upon hours at an end.
What happened to Riker was a freak accident that cannot be duplicated.
And what happened to Kirk was quite different and again probably difficult to duplicate. But our heroes didn't want either of these incidents to happen. This tells us nothing about situations where they
would want duplication to happen (although they give good indication that such wanting would be really unlikely, considering how much the duplication was hated and feared!).
Also, Lore could have been transported outside the ship, yet inside the shield bubble.
Quite possibly. Why he wouldn't then be transported back is difficult to explain. Even if Data or Wesley failed to look at the transporter settings before erasing them, the ship's sensors ought to show one active android floating and screaming nearby. I mean, why wouldn't our heroes be
looking, and quite actively at that, unless they were in the solid belief that Lore had ceased to physically exist?
What the settings of the transporter were is another issue. Lore set the machine; Wesley had no time or interest in resetting it. Lore claimed he was going to lower the shields, beam out a tree and then have Picard phaser it to bits to show off. Lore's only interest was in getting the shields lowered; he had no tree! Picard in turn was at that point perfectly aware that Lore was pretending to be Data and up to no good. (Indeed, Picard had probably known all along, hence his "Shut up, Wesley!" when the kid was about to accuse Lore and throw away the advantage.) Certainly Picard would not voluntarily drop shields himself, nor allow Lore to do it by remote.
So, had Lore managed to set the console to drop shields and then perform a meaningless, harmless transport? Had he not been exposed, this setting would make sense, as it would look good to the heroes (including the transport part). But now he
was exposed, so there was no need for subterfuge. Hence there shouldn't be a connection between transporting and shield-dropping, and Lore shouldn't even manage the latter.
Anyway, I was always uncomfortable with the idea that Lore was permanently disassembled. You just cannot sentence sentient beings to death like that.
Death penalty is common enough in human history, including Star Trek. TOS Starfleet had at least one crime for which the penalty was death, although it appeared to change from time to time ("The Menagerie", "Turnabout Intruder"); TOS UFP might have had more of those, and at one point Kirk claimed that murder carried a death penalty ("The Ultimate Computer").
Also, our Starfleet heroes quite often killed criminals, supposedly because it was their mandate to do so. Killing was apparently sanctioned in cases where the criminal did not pose
immediate danger to others, but where she, he or it did pose a
continuing danger that would not go away until the criminal was killed. Yuta in "Vengeance Factor" would have been as difficult to contain as Lore after "Descent" unless their lives were put on complete and hopefully permanent hold; with Yuta, that meant death, while with Lore, the sentence could be trivially reversible.
I have long felt Nemesis should have featured Lore, instead of B4.
That'd be a completely different movie, then, as Lore would be an active villain rather than a passive tool, leaving little for "Picard's villain" to do...
Timo Saloniemi