The distance pions, muons, etc can travel before decaying depends on their speed too. If you don't accelerate them quickly, they don't travel far. If you accelerate them to relativistic speeds, they can travel very far. Your numbers (at least for pions) are for relativistic speeds.
Yup, not only because faster particles can cover more distance in the same amount of time, but because particles at relativistic speeds are time-dilated and decay more slowly as measured by an observer at relative rest.