In my 26th Century Head Canon, StarFleet will have expanded to have ~1 Billion StarShips in Operation using a standardized Fleet Template of various sized Fleet Ships to fill up the numerous standardized Fleets. But even then that'll give me only ~ 1 Million Fleets of ~ 1036 StarShips per Fleet (Vast majority are on the "Small-ish" size).IMO, unless you've got billions and billions of starships, there's no way any government can adequately defend itself.
Even then, with my ODFERP (Optimized Dynamic Fleet Engagement & Response Plan) Scheduling based off of similar US Navy scheduling for it's massive fleet:
Every Fleet / StarShip will be on 24 Month Deployment Cycles.
- 24 month Deployment cycles for entire Ships/Fleets
- Flexibility in which part of the phase a Ship/Fleet is in based on real world conditions & circumstances
Operational Phases:
- Maintenance and/or Repairs: 01-08 months
- Ship ShakeDown / Crew Training: 04-08 months
- Travel time & Deployment @: 08-19 months
Because of that schedule, only about 1/3 -> 80% of the entire Fleet can be deployed at any given time in a "Best Case" Scenario. There will be various months where a ship will be in Port/SpaceDock for Maintenance/Repairs, the new crew will need to go through a Ship ShakeDown / Crew Training, then there's the various travel times to and from along with the Deployment at the actual planned locations.
Given how vast the Universe is, you can't expect everybody to teleport back via Spore Drive unless it's of the utmost importance and if they receive the signal to come home and help.
Space is simply too big and too three-dimensional, and even if you got a big enough net, there are still places where an enemy can slip through. At best, you can defend this sector or that sector when you see an enemy coming that way, but unless you have an almost infinite number of Warp 10 starships at your disposal, you will always have a certain level of vulnerability than can (and often will) be exploited. And I don't think that's a problem only for the Federation...
I concur, most people who look at the maps only see the "Thin Disk" section of the map.
Our Milky Way Galaxy and probably most Galaxies are largely Spherical in nature.
Yes the majority of stars will probably exist along the Thin Disk, but there will be plenty of Stars Above and below the Thin Disk layers.

You have an entire Thick Disk to worry about for other StarSystems.
And don't forget that Star Systems can exist in the Galactic Halo as well, just fewer of them for a given volume of space.
Most of every Star System's defense will probably be at the Star System level.

In my Head Canon, there will be two major zones in every Star System where you will create a Spherical Defensive Network.
1) A Outter Spherical Network of losely seperated Satellite Defense Turrets seperated by maybe 1° degree across a circle along the surface of a sphere, right before the edge of the HelioSheath. By my estimates, if you create a Spherical network, that amounts to 64,442 Turret Emplacements. Each Turret can carry 2 Dozen Battery Powered Attack Drones which amounts to a network total of ~ 1,546,608 Attack Drones to keep unwanted enemies out of your Star System.
The enemy intruder should encounter more drones than what Kirk did in Star Trek Beyond when he faced the Altamid Swarm.
But the battles won't be close range, but be largely long range.
2) A Inner Spherical Network of Defense Turrets that are closer together and sit on the inner edge of the Termination Shock.
The Orbital Defense Platforms will use standard Beam Weaponry and be similar in concept to the Cardassian Orbital Weapons Platform, but with updated StarFleet tech of the 26th Century using a standard Beam attack range of ~3 Light-Seconds before standard Energy Attenuation kicks in. That's the extent of my EMBC (Electro-Magnetic Beam Collimator) range to hold the beams together before traditional Beam Attenuation goes into play the beams naturally spread apart.
Each Part of the Defense Grid will have OverLapping Fire coverage from Multiple Satellite Defense Turrets, so the moment you try to pass through the network, you'll be hit from multiple sides by multiple beams.
Anybody that is using FTL, there will be specialized torpedoes designed to bring you out of FTL if you don't voluntarily do so on your own accord, and it will be a rough transition to normal space if you don't agree to follow the Automated Defense Perimeters warnings to exit FTL and submit to inspection and scanning.
At each Planetary Level, there will be a multi level / layer planetary Shield and Orbital Defense Platforms floating around each Planet.
My standard setup for a M-Class planet like Earth is a 16 Layer Planetary Shield with 16 Layers of ODP's (Orbital Defense Platforms).
You should encounter far stiffer opposition to Planetary Entry than this:
But with a Multi-Layer Planetary Shield that shoots back (16 Layers all at different altitudes above ground seperated by at least 1000 km's each, for the outter 10 layer's).
There will be 12x Shield Gates for each layer for standard Planetary Traffic to allow smaller vessels to fly in. Similar in Concept to the Planetary Shield Gate that was at Scarif in Star Wars.
Larger Vessels will need to stay in Planetary Orbit and be only allowed to beam down once authorization is given for a Beam In/Out window.
Diplomacy is great, but remember "Trust, but verify". I'd obviously rather not fight, but I'd also prefer not gettin conquered in a worst case scenario.Maybe why there might be an emphasis on diplomacy within Starfleet is to defuse potential conflicts before they escalate to the point where phasers and photon torpedoes are flying. Although the Federation has had its share of armed conflicts and has had more than a few bloody noses, it's possible that a great deal more conflicts have been avoided through diplomacy and negotiation.
I mean, if it wasn't for James T. Kirk, imagine how many angry alien women would be attacking the Federation right now...
Every Member Star System of the UFP needs to be upgraded to be "Ready" in a worst case scenario.
Look at how many Star Systems fell so easily during the Dominion War because they "Weren't ready" or their defense systems were out of date.
So having all Member Star Systems with significant populations or Industry be "Ready" is a good thing IMO.
I concur on the 2D-ness, but that's the easiest way of portraying things sadly.Now you’re talkin’ my language! I completely agree. The average person does not fully comprehend just how vast and three-dimensional space is. Most people are too comfortable with thinking only in two dimensions. All printed Star Trek maps are two-dimensional, and all Star Trek starship combat games (board games or video games) are two-dimensional. A few non-Star Trek video games are what we call two-and-a-half-dimensional in that they represent height and depth as if in an atmosphere. Almost every representation of starships and fleets of starships you see on TV is two-dimensional. Even the largest fleets are all carefully organized with a ceiling and a floor with all ships oriented the same in relation to the imaginary ceiling and floor, at least up to the end of Voyager. Even the designs of the ships themselves all betray two-dimensional thinking, as if they were designed to fly in an atmosphere rather than space. It is a science fiction culture of two dimensions! Where space is just a highway, new worlds are just other cities, and starships are automobiles!
Space is treated like the vast Oceans, and new Worlds are similar to unexplored Island/Continents & StarShips are just Maritime Ships sailing through the vastness of space.
And UFP and other Nation States will do so anyways with local patrols to enforce their territorial claims =D.There is absolutely no way to force a claim to the vastness of space. Even the space between ours and the nearest solar system spans a distance of 10 hours at Warp 9! The very idea of claiming huge chunks of empty space is ludicrous.
More like the UFP never put much effort into local Defense at the Star System & Planetary levels.But, a galaxy that is divided politically would very definitely lay claim to population centers, planetary resources, solar systems (if possible) and trade routes and other places within the space. Starships could be used to fortify those positions and patrol those routes. It seems, however, that the growth and expansion of the Federation has always outpaced its ability to militarily defend itself.
As a consequence of the vastness of space, you could lay claim to as much of it as you wanted, but most of it would always be blacked out and unknown as far as any real time analysis.
That's why you have a Large Network of Long Range Sensors that can see out into the vastness of space and update everybody as to what is going on.
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