It makes sense in universe too.Perhaps the Federation underwent a crash program to rebuild the fleet after the attack on the Utopia Planitia Shipyards, and made a bunch of modular, prefabricated ships with exchangeable parts for ease of repair instead of several different classes of ship. That's why they almost all looked the same or similar.
Obviously out-of-universe, it was simply a time and cost-saving measure, much like the reuse of the Disco-era ship in the shipyards.