I think this is likely, plus the shiny black surfaces surrounding the buttons could easily be information readout displays.Or maybe the TOS jellies were like the Art Lebedev keyboards where the buttons had mini display screens that changed context based on what you were doing?
https://www.artlebedev.com/optimus/popularis/
There has to be more than meets the eye. After all, 24 basic buttons is just way too few for Sulu to control all ship functions from!