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India's MMRCA Program

Rii

Rear Admiral
mmrca.png

It seems as though this program has been going forever, but we're well and truly in the endgame now, with all candidates contesting for selection in what is arguably the most interesting aircraft acquisition program in a generation now having completed flight testing:

Aviation Week
With flight trials complete, the downselect process has begun for the six candidate fighters in India’s Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) program, a competition with a $10 billion-plus payday for providing 126 aircraft.

Opinions vary widely among observers on how long it will take to narrow the field to two finalists from among the MiG-35, Dassault Rafale, EADS Eurofighter, Saab Gripen, Boeing F/A-18 and Lockheed Martin F-16.

Some speculate an announcement might come in just two weeks. Others insist it will take much longer to evaluate the extensive technical reports that the tests have produced. Regardless, a commercial bidding process will follow the announcement. Final selection is to be made by the end of 2011.

Trials included 643 test points. Results are being forwarded as tabulated data without a quantification of the level of compliance achieved, a senior Indian air force official reports. “We have done an objective assessment and are taking into account the needs of national security,” he says. But cost and politics will play a role in the defense ministry’s selection, he acknowledges.

Of course 126 aircraft is merely the initial, guaranteed order; the final tally could wind up being much higher. There are long-term prospects at stake here.

I'll add my thoughts on each of the candidates shortly, but for the moment I just want to highlight a recent development in IAF acquisitions outside the MMRCA program: more Flankers.

su30mkisml.jpg

Meanwhile, the defense ministry has revealed that it will buy 42 more Su-30MKI fighters, with deliveries to unfold between 2014-2018 (Aerospace DAILY, Aug. 11). The $4.3 billion deal, which will run through Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., is a top-up order that is to bring the Indian Su-30 inventory to more than 250 aircraft and the number of HAL-assembled versions to close to 200 fighters.

What's not in there is that these Su-30 MKIs are to be fitted with AESA and to carry BrahMos, and that the first batch of MKIs (delivered to India in the late 90s) are to be upgraded to the same standard.

What this aggressive upgrade and acquisition schedule suggests to me is that India has no intention of using the MMRCA program to 'fill the gap' (such as it is) between Su-30MKI and the future T-50-derived FGFA. The Flankers are very much intended to 'rule the roost' in the IAF's force structure until the advent of FGFA, and that has implications for the type of aircraft chosen to the fulfil the MMRCA requirement. Specifically it puts pressure on both Typhoon and Rafale, the candidate aircraft at the higher end of the cost/performance spectrum.
 
Dassault Rafale (France)
Pro: MoD already has a good relationship with France and Dassault and the IAF is already familiar with operating French hardware in the form of the Mirage 2000 and various other systems.
Pro: Provides a potential future 'Plan B' for Indian naval aviation. Although the carrier-capable Rafale is a distinct platform, there is nonetheless significant commonality between the two.
Con: Price is going to be a problem.

EADS Typhoon (UK, Germany, Spain, Italy)
Con: Provides broadly similar capabilities at similar cost to the Rafale but without the 'pro' of being French or a carrier-capable platform.

Mikoyan MiG-35 (Russia)
Pro: Probably the second-cheapest aircraft on offer behind Gripen.
Pro: IAF is already well acquainted with Russian hardware, including the MiG-29 Fulcrum from which the MiG-35 is derived ala Hornet > Super Hornet.
Con: In combination with the current MiG-29K and Su-30MKI platforms and the future FGFA, acquiring the MiG-35 would mean that Russia would be the sole supplier of IAF aircraft in future, a situation which may be undesirable for a variety of reasons.

Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet (USA)
Pro: Carrier-capable.
Pro: It's American. Buying American would engender good will from the world's most powerful nation which could in turn serve India's interests.
Con: It's American. Getting technology transfer is like pulling teeth, and you never know when they'll decide they don't like you anymore and pull the plug on parts. See: Iran, Venezuela, etc.

Saab Gripen IN/NG (Sweden)
Pro: Probably the cheapest candidate, certainly the cheapest western aircraft.
Pro: Offers certain unique capabilities, such as the ability to operate from public roads.
Pro: Saab is also offering a carrier-capable version of the aircraft to meet future naval aviation needs.
Con: Reliant upon American technology (i.e. the engine) without conferring the political benefits thereof.
(?): The lightest candidate. Whether this plays for or against the Gripen depends upon a variety of factors. If MoD lacks confidence in the LCA program (aiming to produce an indigenous light combat aircraft, i.e. Tejas Mk.1/2) then it could well play in favour.

Lockheed-Martin F-16IN (USA)
See: Same political considerations as Super Hornet.
Pro: ... but cheaper.
Con: ... but not carrier-capable.
Con: Also flown by Pakistan!

All things considered my crystal ball is rather murky, but I'll eat my left foot if either Typhoon or F-16 are chosen.
 
MMRCA rumours are a dime a dozen, but this one hot off the press from Livefist is particularly interesting:

MiG-35 was never in the running?
Quick disclaimer: with nothing official on the MMRCA competition available from the Indian government -- at one level, rightly so -- the only available information is hearsay. And I don't think debate about rumours is going to ever affect a professionally managed competition. This is a pot that stirs itself. It could be bang on, it could be totally off. I'm hoping everyone will look at the assertions on their own merit. These are bits of conversations with officers, ex-Chiefs etc over the last few weeks strung together. Ok, let's get down to it.

The overriding sense I get from my sources is this: It is not a question of what chance the MiG-35 has in the MMRCA sweepstakes but whether the MiG-35 ever had a chance in the first place. From the start, it turns out, both the MoD and a controlling section of the IAF have agreed on one crucial thing -- the next aircraft the IAF operated would need to be a truly modern platform that "broke the mould". That was to be the starting point of everything that followed. The IAF's next aircraft needed to be a top-of-the-line aircraft that broke out from the old mould and signalled new things for India in every possible sense: technology, diplomacy, security cooperation, political opportunity, military interoperability, logistical exchange and economics.

As late as mid-2006, a time when there was a breathless guessing game about precisely when the Indian MoD would send out its MMRCA RFP, there were apparently quiet discussions on over whether Moscow could be brought on board and persuaded to stay out of the proposed MMRCA competition.

[....]

The explicit principles -- first, the IAF's operational needs should be fulfilled. Two, the selection process needed to be competitive and transparent, and finally, that the competition would lead to a legacy leap for Indian industrial capabilities. The unspoken principles -- first, the competition should provide robust leverage to India's multifarious 21st Century political aspirations. And second, as previously stated, the competition needs to break old moulds in every sense to create strategic space for other partnerships.

A former IAF chief, who served during a crucial phase of the MMRCA planning, admits that the competition is a political opportunity that incidentally gives the Indian Air Force a chunky stop-gap to tide over legacy jet phase-outs and delays in the Tejas -- not the other way round. "You can argue ad nauseum about sanctioned strength and squadron strength. The fact is the IAF's requirement is not only much simpler, but much smaller too. As long as the pilots get a top-of-the-line airplane, nobody is complaining. Let the politicians do the politics. That is their job," he says, adding, "The IAF's requirements for a fresh batch of medium fighter jets came at a time when our strategic aspirations were in a state of great flux. It will be an enabler in many ways."

[....]

The Indian government remains utterly unconvinced of Russia's ability to provide any meaningful industrial package to India as a mandatory part of the MMRCA. The India-Russia relationship is anything but new -- it stretches back 47 years. India has learnt much from Russia, and has been provided the opportunity to cookie-cut airplanes through decades. But when it comes to meaningful industrial collaboration, the Indian government feels the Russians are better at selling and license building, rather than true blue industrial cooperation.

[....]

A point frequently raised in favour of choosing Russian aircraft is the quality of the Indo-Russian relationship; the fact that Russia has been a faithful friend in times of need/distress. Interestingly, as one Chief pointed out, India has done more than enough to earn Russia's friendship. He says, "Russia has been a time-tested friend in our time of need, but what about the other way round? India has bailed out Russian politicians and leaders time and time again. The MMRCA is also a chance to demonstrate that India is a level partner, and nothing can ever be taken for granted. India is no longer a push-over. I say push-over because there was a time when we undeniably were. In the last decade, there have been instances of flagrant disregard for this so-called partnership. At the same time, we have to be careful about our new prospective relationships. For one thing, the US has an even worse record of reneging on promises."

If the emphasis on strategic and industrial partnerships is as strong as this piece argues, I think the real winners here are the upper-tier Eurocans, particularly Rafale (if there's a reliable and independent western arms supplier generally insensitive to external pressure, it goes by the name 'France') with the Super Hornet as wildcard.
 
Rii, please don't bump your own threads like this. If I was qualified to discuss this subject with you, I would, but I'm not--and everyone else either feels the same way or doesn't want to discuss this with you.

Better luck next time? Or maybe someone will happen along this thread and discuss it with you. :)
 
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