General Chang was bald in TUC, and cranial reconstruction as potential big business for the Klingons was clearly hinted at in ENT. And the Klingon cranium is more than just Klingon ridges.
Similar uniforms existed in “The Galileo Seven”, though they were associated with Federation bureaucracy, and had expansive powers under the Galactic Emergency Procedures.
Holograms on the bridge were resolved thanks to Pike ripping them out.
Discoprise clearly went through a refit after “The Cage” – meaning they will clearly go through another one once Kirk takes command.
Advanced Starfleet technology (better looking than TOS) is likely due to both collaboration with other Federation members, and any technological advancements made due to the Earth-Romulan War.
USS Discovery being the USS Discovery-A now, since during the TNG era there was a USS Discovery in existence in the 24th Century.