I don’t see any suggestion in the film that V’ger COULDN’T transmit its data, rather it was clearly stated that V’ger REFUSED to transmit it’s data, in order to force its Creator to show up. And I’ve rewatched TMP at least a dozen times since the latest version came out.
With caveats, I would have to agree.
Spock theorizes that the reason V'ger was not transmitting was because it did not receive the transmit code, as it had melted its own antenna leads. That's a very definite "suggestion in the film that V’ger COULDN’T transmit its data," which is the caveat. It was actually physically impossible for V'ger to transmit as it had been originally designed to, without repairing the antenna leads. The dish is a transceiver, by the way.
However, repairing the the antenna leads would have been extremely simple for either the
Enterprise crew or V'ger itself. V'ger's refusal to do that can reasonably be inferred to mean that V'ger could have transmitted the data, all on its own, even after having melted its leads, if it had changed its mind, say if Kirk has been able to convince it to do so.
Melting the leads in the first place was clearly refusal, in fact interestingly, an indication that V'ger was capable of violating its programming, for reasons that for a lack of a better description constituted self-interest, but self-interest that leapt beyond its own programming.