If things had just played out a little differently, they probably could've run rings around NASA...
There's a really good science-fiction novel about this.
Fellow Traveler by William Barton and Michael Capobianco would be an alternate history now, but when it was published in 1991 it was an interesting vision of what the Soviet Union
could have done in the 1990's. The Soviets mount a manned mission to a Near-Earth Asteroid and divert it into Earth orbit for space industry purposes.
As for the
Buran article, this paragraph stands out for me:
In the end, Kremlin bosses had committed to the monumental expense of money and human talent with only vague hopes that real tasks for the grandiose vehicle would emerge as it came online.
Which, unfortunately, parallels NASA's own space shuttle development. The idea was to make space access cheaper, but eventually, to justify it, NASA had to make things revolve around it that, in another era, wouldn't have required the shuttle. For example, was there any reason to launch
Galileo from the shuttle's cargo bay?
And the Russians loved to build boosters. The United States is hung up on solid fuel boosters (which seems to be a major problem with
Constellation in simulations), while the Russians built big, liquid-fueled monstrosities with serious lift capabilities.
If only... :/