To be sure, it wouldn't be all that difficult to draw the necessary = signs between the descriptions.
"Cargo vessel" is clear enough. "Transport" is military parlance for all those ships that haul things from A to B, and needs further clarification in order to be accurate: a ship that moves cargo would be a "Cargo transport", while a ship that moves passengers would be a "Passenger transport". (Words like "freighter" or "liner" are forbidden civilian jargon.)
Science Probe Vessel need not be a ship that probes scientifically. After all, a United States Ship isn't necessarily a ship that unites any states. In this very same episode, and in another one, we learn that there exists an organization called UESPA, or United Earth Science Probe Agency. Perhaps UESPA-operated vessels (including their transports) are called Science Probe Vessels?
Okay, okay, it's actually United Earth
SPACE Probe Agency, as we hear in "Tomorrow is Yesterday" and finally see written in ENT "Demons". So perhaps Kirk slightly misspoke in his log entry? Remember the context: Kirk is officially recording the fate of the UESPA vessel
Antares. A perfect place for using the "honorific" form of the ship's designation...
Kirk: "Captain's Log, stardate 1535.8. UESPA HQ notified of the mysterious loss of Science Probe Vessel Antares."
So we get to the final bit, "survey ship". An error by Kirk, as he well remembers the ship was a UESPA one, but forgets she wasn't a frontline surveyor but mere humble support transport? Or then formal acknowledgment that UESPA is in the survey business, and all the ships of that organization, including the transports and the buoy tenders, participate in that line of work?
...Of course, the very fact that the
Antares visited the planet where Charlie Evans had crashed stands testimony to her doing some surveying. Why would a pure transport deviate from her usual route and visit a planet that would wish to neither send nor receive any cargo? Perhaps UESPA standing orders have their ships, no matter their type, perform survey tasks whenever possible?
Timo Saloniemi