Titan, Wizard, and Demon by John Varley.
Anything by Neal Stephenson.
Spin, Axis, and Vortex by Robert Charles Wilson.
The Commonwealth universe (original duology + Void trilogy) by Peter F. Hamilton.
Blindsight by Peter Watts.
The series that begins with The January Dancer by Michael Flynn.
...but especially the first one, Varley's Gaea trilogy. I almost never see it mentioned in threads like this, but oh HOLY CRAP is it amazing. Anyone that's into Star Trek will love it, I pretty well guarantee, and in addition to having some of my favorite worldbuilding of all time, it's one of the most perfect trilogies I've ever read. Each book expands the scope of the tale by an apparent order of magnitude, like zooming out of the center of a painting to suddenly see the whole thing. It's brilliant.