I think the idea of fighters supporting capital ships makes 0 sense in Trek.
Shuttles can easily fill that role if there's a need for it.
The only part where I've seen such small sized crafts being usable in combat were in 1 episode of Ds9 where a runabout was able to exploit a jem'hadaar bug weakness and destroy it (it would have been useless without the traitor Weyoun though), and Voyager episode Tsunkatse (where the Delta Flyer was able to assist Voyager in knocking off the transmission arrays from the ship whose shields were already depleted and was able to damage it enough so it's weapons can get through- then again, we don't know just how powerful weapons onboard the Flyer are).
As I said... fighters make no sense... shuttles can already fill that role nicely since they have a compliment of weapons, shields... everything.
If you want to make them more battle-ready though, fine, SF can always modify them, and it's easier since they already probably have a gazillion of them.
Aside from that, fighter type crafts would essentially do very bad against capital ships and go down really fast, unless they have superior shielding technology allowing them to survive long enough to inflict some damage - after the capital ships got their turn).
Shuttles can easily fill that role if there's a need for it.
The only part where I've seen such small sized crafts being usable in combat were in 1 episode of Ds9 where a runabout was able to exploit a jem'hadaar bug weakness and destroy it (it would have been useless without the traitor Weyoun though), and Voyager episode Tsunkatse (where the Delta Flyer was able to assist Voyager in knocking off the transmission arrays from the ship whose shields were already depleted and was able to damage it enough so it's weapons can get through- then again, we don't know just how powerful weapons onboard the Flyer are).
As I said... fighters make no sense... shuttles can already fill that role nicely since they have a compliment of weapons, shields... everything.
If you want to make them more battle-ready though, fine, SF can always modify them, and it's easier since they already probably have a gazillion of them.
Aside from that, fighter type crafts would essentially do very bad against capital ships and go down really fast, unless they have superior shielding technology allowing them to survive long enough to inflict some damage - after the capital ships got their turn).