Earth has only a few sizable bases in orbit. And the orbit of the Earth is HUGE so they could easily be too far away to see (or be one of the stars).
I would think they would have taken down the thousands of satellites that pollute our space today in favor of fewer and more powerful ones.
Also Earth seems way too comfortable with their defenses yet they've been breached too much lately (DS9, FC). So if another series was set in the future of these series I'd expect to see more defenses like... Idunno... phaser turrets or something.
Well as an in universe explanation they must have kept a gaurd of ships near earth after the Borg incident.
The Breen attack was not that successful, a real attack would have destroyed the buildings but they just damaged them, so they must have been intercepted.
http://images.wikia.com/memoryalpha/en/images/f/f7/San_Francisco_attacked2.jpg
They WERE intercepted - the 3rd fleet destroyed most of the attacking Breen ships, that much was said on screen.
So it was, I forgot that.
The notion that all the ships during BOBW were at W359 doesn't fly with me, the federation is (depending on the source) 8-10000 light years , and they had I think 48 ships at Wolf 359?
Surely they had more than that?
In the episode Riker reccomended to Hanson holding the line at sector 001 so that sugests there was nothing at 001 or very little as a second line if 359 failed, it's just horribly unrealistic.