Outside of what I've already listed above with the 3x mounts used by StarFleet, here's what I've come up with for Beam Emitting Weapon Mounts.
Missile/Torpedo launchers are a whole different subject.
- Fixed Mount with limited firing arc or gravimetric assisted curving/re-guiding of energy beams.
Bending beams would make sense used with something like the Galaxy X's spinal gun. Fixed guns like the Defiant's and Bird of Prey seem to be able to direct firing inward about five or ten degrees. The Bird of Prey mechanically moves the barrel, while the Defiant seems to just direct the energy at the angle it wants like a limited phaser array. The Aeon seems to use an array with a primary forward emitter, likely combining firing arc flexibility at lower wattage, with high wattage limited arc fire, but total greater power.
Fixed Wide Angle orifice/hole/Casemate that allows the internal emitter to swivel about and fire out of an armored aperture for a narrow firing arc, this allows more protection at the cost of limited firing arcs.
I would expect the use of a casemate only with the most inexplicable primitiveness. You end up with a hole in the armor regardless, so might as well go for maximum flexibility by using a turret.
Fixed “People Operated directly” port turret or ball turret with a backup remote operation.
We've had remotely operated turrets since 1946 with automatic lead calculation, if not earlier. And making remote operation the backup would mean using the least effective system as the primary means of operation. It would also needlessly place people in danger by putting them in the most exposed position, in a most desirable target.
Modern weapon systems like the Phalanx "
automatically performs search, detecting, tracking, threat evaluation, firing, and kill assessments of targets while providing for manual override." The manual override is there to make sure the system doesn't try to shoot everything (including its own shells) since it's notoriously sensitive (it shot a kite once). There is a manual mode, for shooting boats, but I don't know how manual it is; is it shoot X, or point and shoot.
We kind of see it with Worf in the back of the Argo but doesn't really help my perception of it. My expectation until then would be that any vehicle in Trek would have the computing power and sensors to handle fire control with far greater ability than any person doing so manually, and Worf sure did miss a lot. That phaser IV Worf was using should have been a small phaser array. If it really needed a barrel to maximize power or something then it could have been mounted on a remote weapon station which would have given it automatic stabilization.
Fixed swiveling Dish based emitters instead of Barrel type.
(NOTE: Not sure if this is more of a mount or more of a different type of emitter category).
That's kind of like any time the deflector has been used offensively or destructively. Also, the business end of the TOS Type 3.
Fixed Upper BiPaB Torso & Head with multiple arm mounted weapons and sensor head while the torso is mounted to the hull on a 360° swiveling base.
I would say that's silly except we've kind of seen
that, sans arms.
Fixed Tripod with extendable legs to give better firing arc’s for clearing nearby obstacles
A modern weapon mounted like that would be a .50 cal machinegun and would be used defensively. I would hope Star Trek's equivalent of the .50 cal would have mass reduction, inertial dampening, and anti-gravity for the same effect but far great flexility.
Fixed Scissor Lift base and rotatable platform base for turret on top
Anti-gravity would be more compact, making it easier to move, and less of a target, and less prone to damage.
Pop-Out Turrets hidden beneath access/armored panels that can hide within the hull or pop out for combat.
I like it but I think it would find very limited use by TNG given the profusion of emitter array weapons, which are innately low profile and take up less internal space. I think the only case it would make sense is where output is more important than internal space, and the vessel has to deal with aerodynamic forces without shielding. For no reason I can tell, Trek ships enter atmospheres without shields, so there you go.
If the turrets were big enough it might make sense to make them partially concealed in order to optimize warp dynamics. But I expect they would have to be pretty huge to mess with the field dynamics. That might explain why the TMP turrets of the Federation and Klingon ships are so small, any bigger and things get too complex.That might also fit with how the really big guns are fixed.
Rail Mounted mobile Turret that can travel along a track and swivel at its base to target opposition.
Electro Magnetically attached combat drones that attach to the surface of the vessel with EM feet and can traverse the hull of the vessel and act as mobile turrets / sacrificial drones as needed.
It would be a lot simpler just placing another turret in a different arc. It would also require the turret to be non-hull piercing which could limit its potential.
A rail turret is a little like the gun mounts used briefly in the 19th century before turrets took over.
The back and front of the gun carriage could be independently swung around the deck on rails.
Multi-Axis Single Arm with Weapon Emitter mounted at the end of the arm.
Extendable Flexible Neck type Weapons that allow an even wider range and arcs of fire using Snake/Goose neck type systems that have hidden electro mechanical armatures for extension, rotation, and aiming.
Unless the hull is very weird and needs to be reached around to fire, I don't see the point. It's possible to use them, but it would just add a lot of complexity and weakness for a highly specialized benefit. The same weapon could be mounted in a lighter simpler turret, or a turret of the same mass could handle a bigger weapon.
Retractable tethered drones that are connected via cable that can extend from the vessel a good distance.
Good for distance and preventing jamming/interference, less flexibility than remote independent drones.
Also none of the vulnerabilities to jamming/interference/hacking for remote independent drones.
The wire tether can be partially phase shifted out of reality just enough to become invisible and let things pass through it so that it can’t be a vulnerability, very complicated tech allows this. See Voth Phase Cloak technology.
That works when dealing with a planet's horizon, though Trek has power beaming, excellent batteries, and compact generators, so a tether wouldn't be needed. Also jamming really shouldn't work against line of sight communication. It could work, Trek is wild, but it shouldn't. Using a laser for communication would be easier than phase shifting anything.
Also drones can be made smart enough to not need continuous orders to operate.
Independent Combat Drones that detach and attack the enemy for the parent vessel.
That's just a fighter.
Open Bays with Force Fields & hidden weapons inside.
(NOTE: Not really a mount, but StarWars prequels made this popular for some reason).
That's probably what a proper Trek casemate would look like, but it would also be a desperation move in Trek. Open the shuttle bay and fire a shuttle's weapons through the field without leave the bay.
There's also the disappearing carriage, which was used by coastal guns. The gun would rise up over its fortification, then lower just after firing. Completely impractical in Trek, but an interesting setup.
You could have internally fixed weapons which deploy using wormholes, but the wormholes themselves might make for better munitions. Similarly, use transporters as long as you can beam through your own shields.
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