Well, you could say that the shuttle pilot died because he was directly in the line of fire whereas Lorca was "hiding" behind the entrance. So Lorca let the shuttle pilot "take it", right?
I still don't get why Mudd's story (which hasn't completely been revealed as far as DSC goes, aside from the fact that he becomes an interstellar menace at some point) can't be seen as an ongoing DRAMATIC plot point. I mean, supposedly Lorca brought him back and threw him in the brig, what then? I would rather it be this way and then see what happens because now Mudd has a clear vendetta against Lorca... and I am willing to see where THAT goes.
There are times I feel that viewers (esp we Trekkies) have such a territorial hold on the characterization that the writers just can't win in terms of the dramatic graph.