From this site: http://www.projectrho.com/rocket/prelimnotes.php#handwavium In the science fiction short story "Specialist" by Robert Sheckley, published in 1953 in Galaxy magazine, it is revealed that many galactic races are actually capable of symbiotic cooperation to become bioships, with each race forming a different part. Earth, apparently, is one of the planets inhabited by creatures that are supposed to function as FTL drives (Pushers), and, it is stated that all the conflicts and discontent of humanity are due to the fact that, while they have matured, they have nowhere to apply their true purpose. This story is perhaps the first mention of a bioship in science fiction.[1] http://www.philsp.com/data/images/g/galaxy_195305.jpg
Gulliver's Travels, Jonathan Swift (1726)-- flying cities, projected ghosts of historical characters (sort of like a holodeck), aerial bombardment, the blind pursuit of science without regard to consequences, and unfortunate consequences of using anti-agathics.
Possible origins for Avatar(2009) story origins in SF. Going above and beyond Ferngully and Dances with Wolves. http://www.scifi.darkroastedblend.com/2010/01/10-possible-sources-of-avatar-in.html
Nobody thinks science fiction started in 1977 with Star Wars. It started in the 60's with Star Trek, sheesh.
And as I've mentioned in these parts before, John W. Campbell's 1930 Islands of Space describes a faster-than-light drive that operates by "warping" spacetime and is powered by contraterrene matter (aka antimatter).
Science fiction above all other genres seems to enjoy mining its own themes and tropes. I have no problem with this as long as it continually tries push the boundaries as well. ...and B5 "rips off" STNG (Tin Man), and STNG "rips off" Buckaroo Banzai, and that "ripped off" Alien, and so it goes. RAMA
^TNG's "Tin Man" isn't really the best example there, since it's an adaptation of a 1979 novel which is in turn an expansion of a 1976 story. So its living ship predates any of the other examples you list. And how can you guys be citing TNG and B5 as examples of "bioships" and ignore Moya from Farscape?
Well I don't think any of us were trying to be comprehensive...as I mentioned the first story with a biosip was likely in 1953, there was at least another in 1967, and Doctor Who had the Axos and Zygons in the early 1970s. I can't stand Farscape so I try not to mention it as much as possible, but Moya was pretty cool. RAMA
Murray Leinster's 1945 novelette "First Contact" established the term "first contact" in science fiction, although the theme had previously appeared in e.g. H. G. Wells' The Time Machine (1895), The War of the Worlds (1898) and The First Men in the Moon (1901). Edit: Just to show how long ago conceptually this was:
Much as I love Doctor Who, the concept of an eccentric scientist taking companions on adventures was hardly invented in 1963 either. You can look back at least to Verne for that, I believe. You missed three important ones: Mary Shelley is considered the founder of steampunk, through her novel Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, in 1818. And considering it was about a man of science using science to create life, I think it qualifies as SF! Shelley also wrote a second novel called The Last Man, released in 1826, which is about a post-apocalyptic, plague-ravaged Earth of the 21st century, and was possibly the very first novel of that genre ever written. There's even mention of a "black sun". In addition, Shelley's introduction to the novel suggests that it was based upon some prophecies she discovered in a cave - predating by many years the "Blair Witch"-style genre of "this is based upon so-and-so's journal that we discovered". Karel Capek's 1921 play R.U.R. coined the term "robot", and featured robots rebelling against their masters and destroying humanity - a theme that anyone who has seen The Matrix trilogy and The Animatrix will immediately recognize. According to the Wikipedia article about the play, a BBC adaptation of the play was broadcast on TV in 1938, and is considered the first SF ever shown on TV. Alex
HG Wells predicts the use of atomic weapons in his 1914 book The World Set Free (and he lived long enough to hear about the bombing of Hiroshima) although his atomic bombs expel their energy over a period of days rather than all at once.
Also virtual reality and worldships. But that's a new one to me. Isn't human imagination wonderful? Edit: If i recall correctly Freeman Dyson borrowed the concept of a Dyson Sphere from Stapledon and worked it out more scientifically. Should have called it a Stapledon sphere! RAMA
Robert Heinlein's Farmer in the Sky mentions microwave ovens and his Red Planet Mars opens with a cell phone call. Both are early Fifties. But the cell phone thing was anticipated in a way by Chester Ward (if I remember the name correctly) in the Dick Tracy comic strip.
I think that's more along the lines of primitive genetic engineering rather than Steampunk. Steampunk is alternate history, and that's not really what Shelley was writing about.