Vasquez Rocks wrote:

But aren't Artim and the other Ba'ku children natives of the planet, having been born there?
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That might make them Federation citizens. But it wouldn't hand the planet to their parents.
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I also don't get how the Federation owns the planet when they didn't exist centuries ago from when the Ba'ku first settled there.
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Because that region of space has traded hands multiple time, never into the ownership of the Baku.
Consider the city of New Orleans.
It was
establish in 1718 by the French Mississippi Company.
Then
ceded to the Spanish Empire in 1763.
Then
reverted to French in 1801.
Then
sold to the United States in 1803.
As the city and the territory that held it changed hands periodically, the authority and jurisdiction changed too, for the people living there it often made little difference. But they,
just like the Baku, were under the new jurisdiction each time.
Even if no control was exercised upon them.